Herbs safe for cats are most of the kitchen windowsill: every herb below is graded S0 Safe for cats against ASPCA records, with no toxic principle on record for any of them — basil, rosemary, thyme, sage, cilantro, and Lemon Balm. The catch is that the two herbs cats actually go looking for are not on the list. Garden mint is S1 Caution, with vomiting and diarrhea on record after large ingestions, and catnip is S1 Caution too: the ASPCA notes that many cats love it, but it can cause vomiting and diarrhea. Neither is a poisoning, but neither is S0, and the two are covered further down. The six that are S0 all want direct light.
The herbs a cat chooses are the ones to watch. Garden mint (Mentha) is S1 Caution: the ASPCA records essential oils causing vomiting and diarrhea with large ingestions — a nibble is unlikely to matter, a feast can. Catnip (Nepeta cataria, also sold as catmint) is S1 Caution on nepetalactone; the ASPCA's own wording is that many cats love it, but it can cause vomiting and diarrhea, and it leaves some cats sedated and others stimulated. Lavender and oregano are S1 Caution too — nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite for lavender; mild vomiting and diarrhea for oregano. The one herb here graded higher is parsley, S2 Irritant: the ASPCA records furanocoumarins causing a sunburn-like skin reaction and dermatitis, and notes that large amounts are needed. None of the five is a poisoning; none is S0.