{"id":"primrose","common_names":["Primrose","Common primrose","English primrose"],"scientific_name":"Primula vulgaris","urls":{"plant":"https://verdapaw.com/plants/primrose","cats":"https://verdapaw.com/plants/primrose/cats","dogs":null,"data":"https://verdapaw.com/plants/primrose/data.json"},"toxicity":{"cat":{"severity":2,"grade":"S2 Irritant","verdict_sentence":"Primrose (Primula vulgaris) is toxic to cats (S2 Irritant): Pet Poison Helpline says contact with the leaves may cause dermal irritation, and the ASPCA lists mild vomiting.","toxic_principles":[],"toxic_parts":["hairs upon the leaves"],"symptoms":[{"sign":"Mild vomiting","onset":"not specified in source"},{"sign":"dermal irritation","onset":"not specified in source"},{"sign":"drooling","onset":"not specified in source"},{"sign":"diarrhea","onset":"not specified in source"}],"sources":[{"url":"https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/primrose","name":"ASPCA","accessed_at":"2026-10-09"},{"url":"https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/primrose/","name":"PPH","accessed_at":"2026-10-09"}],"reviewed_by":"Zhe Li","reviewed_at":"2026-10-09"},"dog":null},"license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","terms":"Free to reuse with attribution to Verdapaw and a link to the plant page."},"cite_as":"Verdapaw Plant × Pet Safety Index, verdapaw.com/plants/primrose, reviewed 2026-10-09"}